1 10 15 http://repositorio.historiarecienteenlaeducacion.com/files/original/d92ebbeaea9638ea35da0e03bffbf40b.pdf 8d6fc5d3a30175666201802a40c14adb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sobre Alemania y la reunificación. Artículo de prensa Textos publicados en periódicos y revistas. País España Enlace <a href="http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1989/11/10/003.html" target="_blank">http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1989/11/10/003.html</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "El último que apague la luz" Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Manuel Blanco Tobío Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10/11/1989 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived ABC Description An account of the resource Artículo sobre la actitud de la RDA durante los acontecimientos de la caída del muro de Berlín y su visión de futuro dentro de la URSS. Berlín Fragmentación URSS Muro de Berlín RDA Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sobre Alemania y la reunificación. Artículo de prensa Textos publicados en periódicos y revistas. Texto original La apertura de la frontera interalemana por la RDA, uno de los bastiones inmovilistas del Pacto de Varsovia hasta hace apenas unos meses, ha conmocionado las cancillerías del mundo entero. Un nuevo orden europeo emerge empujado por las aspiraciones populares de los países del Este y el ejemplo democrático del Oeste. La eufórica fusión de los ciudadanos alemanes de ambos Estados en la madrugada de ayer, en pleno corazón de Berlín, .sobre el muro que desde 1961 ha simbolizado la guerra fría, sienta los cimientos de una eventual Alemania unida. Una reunificación que, aunque bien aceptada en principio por todo occidente, preocupa al mundo diplomático por sus eventuales consecuencias en la futura construcción europea. Ahora lo único evidente es que emerge una nueva Europa. AGENCIAS Un total de 55.500 habitantes de Berlín Oriental pasaron al sector oeste: en las primeras 24 horas de libertad de viaje, según informó ayeren Bonn un portavoz del ministerio del Interior. Sin embargo, sólo 3.250 de ellos decidieron quedarse en la República Federal Alemana (RFA), según el mismo portavoz. Los demás se dieron una vuelta y regresaron a sus hogares en la RDA. La llegada de alemanes orientales a la RFA a través de terceros países continuó ayer, a pesar de la apertura de la frontera interaleniana. El jueves llegaron a la RFA. 7.648 personas, según la policía, una cifra menor que en jornadas anteriores. El miércoles, por ejemplo, llegaron 11.018 refugiados a través de Checoslovaquia, a los que hay unir 123 que lo hicieron por Hungría y Austria. Desde la apertura de la frontera checoslovaca el pasado 3 de noviembre han entrado en la RFA 55.693 alemanes orientales, cifra que se eleva a 130.000 desde el 10 de septiembre, cuando Hungría abrió sus puertas a los que se marchaban del Este. Esta situación está provocando inquietud, cuando no repulsa, desde diferentes estamentos regionales y estatales de la RFA. En Bremen, el alcalde ha cerrado provisionalmente la ciudad a los refugiados alemanes orientales, mientras en Hannover, el alcalde advirtió el jueves que es "perfectamente concebible" que las ciudades acaben por negar el alojamiento de los refugiados. Ante los crecientes problemas de alojamiento que va provocando la avalancha de refugiados, el ministro de la Cancillería pidió el jueves a los alemanes orientales que se lo piensen bien antes de emprender su huida a la RFA, dada 9a estrechez del mercado inmobiliario". Optimismo en la bolsa Los economistas calculan que los desilusionados alemanes orientales contribuirán en aproximadamente medio punto al crecimiento del producto nacional bruto de la RFA en los próximos años. Las autoridades de Bonn calculan que de los 16 millones de habitantes de la RDA, alrededor de 1,5 millones quieren emigrar al Oeste, y los economistas pronostican un flujo anual de entre: 300.000 y 500.000 durante los próximos años. Como respuesta a esas perspectivas, ayer la Bolsa de Francfort tuvo una fuerte alza, especialmente en empresas constructoras. Estas acciones ya habían subido ante la tremenda demanda de nuevas viviendas y del plan anunciado por el Gobierno federal de dedicar 8.000 millones de marcos (520.000 millones de pesetas) para un programa cuatrienal de construcción de nuevas viviendas baratas para los nuevos alemanes occidentales. * Este artículo apareció en la edición impresa del Sábado, 11 de noviembre de 1989 País España Enlace <a href="http://elpais.com/diario/1989/11/11/internacional/626742010_850215.html" target="_blank">http://elpais.com/diario/1989/11/11/internacional/626742010_850215.html</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 55.500 alemanes cruzan el muro de Berlín en la primera jornada Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Agencias Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 11/11/1989 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived El País Description An account of the resource La apertura de la frontera interalemana por la RDA, uno de los bastiones inmovilistas del Pacto de Varsovia hasta hace apenas unos meses, ha conmocionado las cancillerías del mundo entero. Un nuevo orden europeo emerge empujado por las aspiraciones populares de los países del Este y el ejemplo democrático del Oeste. Alemania Fragmentación URSS Muro de Berlín Reunificación alemana RFA http://repositorio.historiarecienteenlaeducacion.com/files/original/3e486d9251823298d76fce86bc8eefba.pdf d9526fa9a378c45f84a7f6407e4b101a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sobre Alemania y la reunificación. Artículo de prensa Textos publicados en periódicos y revistas. Enlace <a href="http://elpais.com/diario/1989/11/10/internacional/626655603_850215.html" target="_blank">http://elpais.com/diario/1989/11/10/internacional/626655603_850215.html</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 79 muertos en 28 años de muro Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10/11/1989 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived El País Description An account of the resource La primera muerte se produjo el 17 de agosto de 1962. El joven Pete Fechter fue abatido por la policía al intentar cruzar el muro. Desde entonces, otras 78 personas más han muerto en el intento. La último, Chris Gueffroy, el 6 de febrero de este año, ametrallado cuando pasaba a nado, tras cruzar el muro, el canal que atraviesa la ciudad. Muro de Berlín RDA Reunificación alemana RFA http://repositorio.historiarecienteenlaeducacion.com/files/original/0504db4df59fa29ede375a16365347a4.jpg c482b28668c7a3d4da9086ee012ca14c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sobre Alemania y la reunificación. Artículo de prensa Textos publicados en periódicos y revistas. Texto original September 11, 2009 05:03 PM Print Feedback Former German Chancellor Helmut Kohl has never forgotten the hostility he faced at a European meeting on December 8, 1989. Ten days earlier he had unveiled a 10-point-plan for German reunification and been met with the blatant skepticism of Europe's leaders. In his memoirs, the former chancellor has described how British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher famously told the heads of state when they were gathered for dinner: "We beat the Germans twice, and now they're back." It's no secret that Thatcher was a bitter opponent of German reunification. But new documents released Thursday by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office show how she insisted that her government resist the historic development. She repeatedly reined back then-Foreign Minister Douglas Hurd and Christopher Mallaby, Britain's ambassador in Bonn, who wanted to signal his support for reunification on the day the wall came down. Mallaby wrote to Hurd on that day -- November 9, 1989 -- saying it was "in our interests" to respond positively to developments in Germany. But when Hurd visited Berlin a few days later, he dutifully towed Thatcher's line, saying that reunification was "not currently on the agenda." The 500-page tome of letters and memos released this week date back to between April 1989 and November 1990. They reveal, for example, how then-French President Francois Mitterrand, speaking in a private conversation with his British counterpart, fuelled her mistrust of the Germans. Over lunch in the Elysee Palace on January 20, 1990, Mitterrand warned Thatcher that reunification would result in Germany gaining more European influence than Hitler ever had. His gloomy forecasts included a return of the "bad" Germans, according to previously secret notes made by Thatcher's foreign policy adviser, Charles Powell. Taming the Germans? By mid-January 1990, Mitterrand had come to terms with the pending reunification, which he viewed as an unstoppable process. However, he still thought it would be prudent for Thatcher to publicly oppose the plan in a bid to wrest concessions from Germany in European agreements. But Thatcher, for her part, believed up until February 1990 that she would be able to slow the pace of reunification. She felt it was all happening far too quickly and feared that Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev would be destabilized by reunification, a concern borne out by history. She backed a five-year transitional period with two German states and did not share Mitterrand's optimism that the Germans could be tamed by being incorporated into European institutions. "The problems will not be overcome by strengthening the EC" she wrote on February 2, 1990, in an internal memo, referring to the predecessor organization of the European Union. "Germany's ambitions would then become the dominant and active factor." In public, Thatcher became known for her shrill warnings about the German appetite for power. In an interview with SPIEGEL on March 26, 1990, she said that Kohl had told her that he did not recognize the Oder-Neisse border with Poland, a frontier which had been drawn up after World War II. Kohl was enraged by her remarks and said he had never made such a statement. Two decades after the fall of the Berlin Wall, the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office wants to improve the reputation of the British during this key period in German history. The new documents reveal that Foreign Ministry diplomats were considerably more farsighted than Thatcher, who was led by her gut reaction against Germany. The long-secret papers show that the British government played a far more constructive role in German reunification than had been previously thought. Only one person had serious doubts about the change: Margaret Thatcher. Deep-Seated Suspicion But even the Iron Lady gradually gave up her resistance to reunification when the framework for the Two-Plus-Four Agreement was drawn up, paving the way for the two states to merge. After a meeting in Chequers, Thatcher's country residence, on January 27, Foreign Minister Hurd noted a slight softening in her position. "Usual diatribe against German selfishness," Hurd noted in his diary, "but the hankering to stop unification now comes less often, and we are into 'transition' and reducing the British Army of the Rhine." According to a note believed to be penned by Thatcher or Powell, Hurd voiced a warning to the prime minister on February 23: "The Foreign Secretary said we must not appear to be a brake on everything. Rather we should come forward with some positive ideas of our own," the note said. The authors of the book write of the Foreign Ministry's "war of attrition," which Thatcher slowly wound down. The fact that France, the Soviet Union and the United States supported German reunification also had an impact on her stance. Gradually Thatcher moved into the German political mainstream -- but she never lost her deep-seated suspicion of the Germans. For example, in March 1990, she invited historians and politicians to a discussion at Chequers to address the question: "How dangerous are the Germans?" At the end of the seminar, her adviser Powell noted that they reached unanimous agreement that "we should be nice to the Germans." País Alemania Enlace <a href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/the-iron-lady-s-views-on-german-reunification-the-germans-are-back-a-648364.html" target="_blank">http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/the-iron-lady-s-views-on-german-reunification-the-germans-are-back-a-648364.html</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Der Spiegel: Margaret Thatcher ante la reunificación alemana: “Los derrotamos por dos veces; ahora están de regreso” Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Der Spiegel Description An account of the resource En 2009, cuando se cumplían veinte años de la caída del Muro, Der Spiegel publicaba las revelaciones sobre la actitud de Margaret Thatcher ante la reunificación alemana: “Los derrotamos por dos veces; ahora están de regreso”-afirmó. Language A language of the resource Inglés Margaret Tatcher Reunificación alemana http://repositorio.historiarecienteenlaeducacion.com/files/original/66f27bea2dbe08d87d9f228103d15f4c.pdf 5c826fc8d4de46c31824af4cf2681d34 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sobre Alemania y la reunificación. Artículo de prensa Textos publicados en periódicos y revistas. País España Enlace <a href="http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1990/07/22/pagina-44/33451025/pdf.html?search=%20Roger%20Waters" target="_blank">http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1990/07/22/pagina-44/33451025/pdf.html?search=%20Roger%20Waters</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource El muro de Berlín fue derribado de nuevo anoche en la fiesta multitudinaria de Rogér Waters Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 22/07/1990 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived La Vanguardia. Description An account of the resource En la Potsdamer Platz, el muro de Berlín renació anoche, sólo para ser nuevamente derribado en una fiesta rockera propuesta por Roger Waters, a la que asistieron más de ciento cincuenta mil jóvenes. Muro de Berlín Reunificación alemana http://repositorio.historiarecienteenlaeducacion.com/files/original/68c88a6c9f6543e533dd096e8630c9ba.pdf eacc06dcda1fac60bb6e70d169fa8c69 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sobre Alemania y la reunificación. Artículo de prensa Textos publicados en periódicos y revistas. País España Enlace <a href="http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1989/11/11/pagina-1/33092157/pdf.html?search=bulgaria" target="_blank">http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1989/11/11/pagina-1/33092157/pdf.html?search=bulgaria</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elecciones libres en la RDA tras caer el muro Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 11/11/1989 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived La Vanguardia Description An account of the resource Portada de La Vanguardia sobre las primeras elecciones democráticas en la RDA tras la caída del Muro de Berlín. Democracia Elecciones RDA Reunificación alemana http://repositorio.historiarecienteenlaeducacion.com/files/original/b32e785730e058c964eb4fb5c37d2ef9.pdf 7b798c13cb83324d450e4f3841f1c226 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sobre Alemania y la reunificación. Artículo de prensa Textos publicados en periódicos y revistas. País España Enlace <a href="http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1991/05/28/pagina-4/33092794/pdf.html?search=muro%20berlin" target="_blank">http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1991/05/28/pagina-4/33092794/pdf.html?search=muro%20berlin</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fin de semana histórico en un Berlín ebrio de liberta Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Isabel Gómez Melenchó Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 12/11/1989 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived La Vanguardia Description An account of the resource Berlín vivió ayer otra jornada histórica con la imparable ola de visitantes del sector oriental al occidental, a un ritmo de 10.000 personas por hora, y con entusiastas concentraciones a ambos lados del muro. Alemania Fragmentación URSS Muro de Berlín Reunificación alemana http://repositorio.historiarecienteenlaeducacion.com/files/original/84c4126000a88e82fe1b170d573455f4.pdf c206b8b6f98adc5abea0315510ded85a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sobre Alemania y la reunificación. Artículo de prensa Textos publicados en periódicos y revistas. País España Enlace <a href="http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1990/03/18/001.html" target="_blank">http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1990/03/18/001.html</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hoy, elecciones en la RDA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 18/03/1990 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived ABC Description An account of the resource Portada del día de las primeras elecciones pluralistas en Alemania. Democracia Elecciones RDA Reunificación alemana http://repositorio.historiarecienteenlaeducacion.com/files/original/a32fac81145ccf3824057002b850d8cc.pdf 76a109f6eefcdc16a284a1d57843b822 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sobre Alemania y la reunificación. Artículo de prensa Textos publicados en periódicos y revistas. País España Enlace <a href="http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1989/11/23/pagina-4/33090530/pdf.html?search=Helmut%20Kohl%20reunificaci%C3%B3n" target="_blank">http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1989/11/23/pagina-4/33090530/pdf.html?search=Helmut%20Kohl%20reunificaci%C3%B3n</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kohl obtiene el respaldo del Parlamento a su programa de confederación alemana Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Valentín Popescu Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 29/11/1989 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived La Vanguardia Description An account of the resource Kohl obtiene el respaldo del Parlamento a su programa de confederación alemana. Alemania Democracia Khol Reunificación alemana http://repositorio.historiarecienteenlaeducacion.com/files/original/a10f067371cf4636783bc1ed85a0ad2a.pdf 801976c8ae436ba09f39857394af460f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sobre Alemania y la reunificación. Artículo de prensa Textos publicados en periódicos y revistas. País España Enlace <a href="http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1989/11/11/pagina-3/33087941/pdf.html?search=muro%20berlin" target="_blank">http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1989/11/11/pagina-3/33087941/pdf.html?search=muro%20berlin</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Krenz: la reunificación alemana es “irreal” Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rafael Poch Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 02/11/1989 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived La Vanguardia Description An account of the resource Mijail Gorbachev y Egon Krenz se reunieron ayer durante tres horas en Moscú para analizar la situación en la RDA. Durante el encuentro, que Krenz calificó de “extraordinario” y “estratégico”, el líder germanoriental afirmó que el derribo del “muro defensivo de Berlín” es “irreal”. “Demos pasos y no soñemos”, sentenció. Alemania Democracia Muro de Berlín Reunificación alemana