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Dos a&ntilde;os fat&iacute;dicos para&nbsp;<span>un debilitado Mija&iacute;l Gorbachov,</span>&nbsp;Secretario General del PCUS desde 1985,&nbsp;<span>que se hab&iacute;a empe&ntilde;ado en instaurar reformas arriesgadas y radicales</span>, de consecuencias nefastas para la URSS.</p>\r\n<p>En pol&iacute;tica exterior,&nbsp;<span>Gorbachov</span>&nbsp;levant&oacute; el &ldquo;tel&oacute;n de acero&rdquo; y en pol&iacute;tica interior inici&oacute; la democratizaci&oacute;n del pa&iacute;s, lanzando dos conceptos revolucionarios:&nbsp;<span><em>glasnost</em></span>&nbsp;o libertad de expresi&oacute;n y&nbsp;<em><span>perestroika</span></em>&nbsp;o reforma econ&oacute;mica.</p>\r\n<div class=\"section\">\r\n<h3><span class=\"ladillo\">Intrigas e inestabilidad econ&oacute;mica</span></h3>\r\n<p>Gorbachov se enfrentaba al eterno dilema: &iquest;se puede aplicar la libertad de mercado dentro de una econom&iacute;a controlada? Su&nbsp;<a href=\"http://www.rtve.es/alacarta/videos/television/-gorbachov-hubiera-podido-consumar-perestroika/746941/\"><em>perestroika</em>&nbsp;</a>hab&iacute;a sido concebida para resolver el problema, pero no tuvo el efecto esperado.</p>\r\n<p>Mientras&nbsp;<span>se ganaba en libertades individuales</span>&nbsp;y la represi&oacute;n desaparec&iacute;a,<span>&nbsp;el rublo se hund&iacute;a, la inflaci&oacute;n se disparaba&nbsp;</span>y los primeros mendigos no tardaron en prodigarse por las calles, algo ins&oacute;lito hasta entonces. La inestabilidad econ&oacute;mica y las intrigas dentro del Partido Comunista por mantener el poder precipitaron la ca&iacute;da del mayor imperio del siglo XX.</p>\r\n</div>\r\n<div class=\"section\">\r\n<h3><span class=\"ladillo\">Hablan los protagonistas</span></h3>\r\n<p>En \"Los &uacute;ltimos d&iacute;as de la URSS\", los protagonistas de la gran transformaci&oacute;n de este pa&iacute;s desgranan las&nbsp;<span>maniobras del PCUS y de los reformistas rusos</span>&nbsp;para terminar con la concepci&oacute;n de Gorbachov por convertir a la Uni&oacute;n Sovi&eacute;tica en una federaci&oacute;n de estados soberanos.&nbsp;<span>Cuentan c&oacute;mo Occidente se benefici&oacute; de las decisiones de Gorbachov</span>&nbsp;y c&oacute;mo Yeltsin, su gran enemigo, personal y pol&iacute;tico le asest&oacute; el golpe definitivo.</p>\r\n<p>Con un ritmo magn&iacute;fico y unos testimonios a cual m&aacute;s interesante, el documental&nbsp; relata con gran rigor hist&oacute;rico, los dos tragos m&aacute;s amargos de Gorbachov en su carrera pol&iacute;tica:<a href=\"http://www.rtve.es/alacarta/videos/telediario/golpe-militar-del-aparato-comunista-derriba-gorbachov/1178137/\">&nbsp;el golpe de estado de agosto de 1991</a>&nbsp;y&nbsp;<a href=\"http://www.rtve.es/alacarta/videos/informe-semanal/informe-semanal-soledad-gorbachov/1178105/\">su renuncia, como Presidente de la Uni&oacute;n Sovi&eacute;tica abandonado por todos</a>, el d&iacute;a de Navidad. 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