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Corría noviembre de 1989 y caía el Muro de Berlín. Dos años después, los ciudadanos derribaban las estatuas de Lenin y el gesto confirmó la desintegración de la Unión Soviética. Dos años fatídicos para un debilitado Mijaíl Gorbachov, Secretario General del PCUS desde 1985, que se había empeñado en instaurar reformas arriesgadas y radicales, de consecuencias nefastas para la URSS.
\r\n
En política exterior, Gorbachov levantó el “telón de acero” y en política interior inició la democratización del país, lanzando dos conceptos revolucionarios: glasnost o libertad de expresión y perestroika o reforma económica.
\r\n
\r\n
Intrigas e inestabilidad económica
\r\n
Gorbachov se enfrentaba al eterno dilema: ¿se puede aplicar la libertad de mercado dentro de una economía controlada? Su perestroikahabía sido concebida para resolver el problema, pero no tuvo el efecto esperado.
\r\n
Mientras se ganaba en libertades individuales y la represión desaparecía, el rublo se hundía, la inflación se disparaba y los primeros mendigos no tardaron en prodigarse por las calles, algo insólito hasta entonces. La inestabilidad económica y las intrigas dentro del Partido Comunista por mantener el poder precipitaron la caída del mayor imperio del siglo XX.
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
Hablan los protagonistas
\r\n
En \"Los últimos días de la URSS\", los protagonistas de la gran transformación de este país desgranan las maniobras del PCUS y de los reformistas rusos para terminar con la concepción de Gorbachov por convertir a la Unión Soviética en una federación de estados soberanos. Cuentan cómo Occidente se benefició de las decisiones de Gorbachov y cómo Yeltsin, su gran enemigo, personal y político le asestó el golpe definitivo.
\r\n
Con un ritmo magnífico y unos testimonios a cual más interesante, el documental relata con gran rigor histórico, los dos tragos más amargos de Gorbachov en su carrera política: el golpe de estado de agosto de 1991 y su renuncia, como Presidente de la Unión Soviética abandonado por todos, el día de Navidad. Acontecimientos cruciales, que dieron lugar a uno de los cambios más importantes del nuevo orden internacional, la desintegración de la URSS
(RTVE)
\r\n
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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"29939"},["text","Vídeos cortos, reportajes, dicursos y debates."]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"24"},["name","Entrevista o discurso"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30047"},["text","
"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"63"},["name","Entrevistado"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30053"},["text","Alonso Álvarez de Toledo"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"62"},["name","Duración"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30054"},["text","6 minutos."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"56"},["name","País"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30055"},["text","España"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"54"},["name","Enlace secundario"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30056"},["text","http://www.abc.es/videos-internacional/20141105/entrevista-alonso-alvarez-toledo-3876996383001.html"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30048"},["text","Entrevista a Alonso Álvarez de Toledo, embajador de España en la RDA."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30049"},["text","Oscar Chamorro - Vídeo.\r\n\r\nCristina Sánchez - Descripción."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30050"},["text","05/11/2014"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30051"},["text","ABC"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30052"},["text","El último Embajador de España ante la República Democrática Alemana (RDA), entre 1985 y 1990, vivió la descomposición de los regímenes satélites de la URSS y el día a día del Berlín Oriental, una ciudad que define como \"fría y gris\", en la que lidió con un régimen poco accesible y fue objeto de espionaje de la Stasi a través de todas las personas que había a su alrededor, incluídos la cocinera y el conductor de la embajada.\r\nJunto al equipo de Informe Semanal de Rosa María Artal, vivió en directo la apertura del Muro de Berlín el 9 de noviembre de 1989, una medida adoptada para impedir que escaparan por Checoslovaquia quienes pretendían abandonar el estalinismo de la RDA y que puso fin a las tres décadas que permaneció Alemania dividida.\r\n"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"1417"},["name","Bloques internacionales"]],["tag",{"tagId":"205"},["name","Entrevista"]],["tag",{"tagId":"1022"},["name","Muro de Berlín"]],["tag",{"tagId":"1265"},["name","Píldoras de conocimiento"]],["tag",{"tagId":"975"},["name","RDA"]],["tag",{"tagId":"1406"},["name","Reunificación alemana"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"4476","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"516"},["src","https://repositorio.historiarecienteenlaeducacion.com/files/original/3c91e0565c14816c0a80b7d384ffcac5.PNG"],["authentication","47f18ade78b7c66c97298f20960fc1dd"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"100"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"29939"},["text","Vídeos cortos, reportajes, dicursos y debates."]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"30"},["name","Debate"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30057"},["text","
"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"67"},["name","Programa y cadena"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30062"},["text","Para todos la 2"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"62"},["name","Duración"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30063"},["text","22 minutos"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"56"},["name","País"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30064"},["text","España"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30058"},["text","Debate: la historia reciente de Alemania."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30059"},["text","18/09/2013"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30060"},["text","RTVE"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30061"},["text","Sí hay un país en Europa que sabe gestionar las crisis y reinventarse periódicamente es Alemania. Actualmente es el líder de Europa, cuando hace unos 20 años estaba dividido en dos mitades desde 1949: eran la República Federal de Alemania y la República Democrática de Alemania. Nos centraremos en el país que ya ha desaparecido, la RDA. ¿Cómo era aquel país socialista, oculto largos años tras un muro, con el que, sin embargo, la España de Franco estableció relaciones diplomáticas ya en 1973? Coloquio entre Alonso Álvarez de Toledo, ex embajador de España en la RDA entre 1986 y 1990; y José María Faraldo, escritor y profesor de Historia en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid."]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"202"},["name","Alemania"]],["tag",{"tagId":"1417"},["name","Bloques internacionales"]],["tag",{"tagId":"1022"},["name","Muro de Berlín"]],["tag",{"tagId":"975"},["name","RDA"]],["tag",{"tagId":"1406"},["name","Reunificación alemana"]],["tag",{"tagId":"730"},["name","RFA"]]]]]
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