["itemContainer",{"xmlns:xsi":"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance","xsi:schemaLocation":"http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd","uri":"https://repositorio.historiarecienteenlaeducacion.com/items?output=omeka-json&page=119&sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CCreator","accessDate":"2026-11-13T20:43:01+00:00"},["miscellaneousContainer",["pagination",["pageNumber","119"],["perPage","10"],["totalResults","4753"]]],["item",{"itemId":"1666","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"3"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4190"},["text","Libros"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"19"},["name","Libro"],["description","Textos publicados como libros de ficción o no ficción."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"56"},["name","País"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"9742"},["text","España"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"55"},["name","Editorial"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"9744"},["text","Debate, Madrid\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"9745"},["text","https://books.google.es/books?id=TCDoTl2HcokC&source=gbs_navlinks_s"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"54"},["name","Enlace secundario"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"9746"},["text","<iframe src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/pOtQEFeunNU\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"854\" height=\"480\"></iframe>"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"9740"},["text","El camino de la concordia. De la cárcel al parlamento\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"9741"},["text","2008"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"9743"},["text","Gabriel Elorriaga\r\n"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"463"},["name","Franquismo Transición"]],["tag",{"tagId":"154"},["name","Memorias"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"4106","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"52"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"19016"},["text","Tesis Doctorales"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"20"},["name","Tesis Doctoral"],["description","Tesis Doctorales publicadas sobre el tema"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"56"},["name","País"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"27725"},["text","Chile"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"57"},["name","Directores de la Tesis"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"27727"},["text","Pedro Santander Molina"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"27724"},["text","El panfleto: medio legítimo de comunicación alternativa en la dictadura."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"27726"},["text","Gabriel Ignacio Bajo Valdivia, Gustavo Andrés Rojas Ayala y María Fernanda López Grasset"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"27728"},["text","Tesis: Periodista --- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"27729"},["text","2008"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"516"},["name","Dictadura militar"]],["tag",{"tagId":"1244"},["name","Panfletos"]],["tag",{"tagId":"510"},["name","Propaganda"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"4100","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"52"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"19016"},["text","Tesis Doctorales"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"20"},["name","Tesis Doctoral"],["description","Tesis Doctorales publicadas sobre el tema"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"56"},["name","País"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"27682"},["text","Chile"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"57"},["name","Directores de la Tesis"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"27684"},["text","María Soledad Vargas Carrillo"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"27681"},["text","Representación social de los protagonistas y actores sociales en el tratamiento noticioso de la prensa chilena durante ladictadura militar: caso La Tercera 1983-1989."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"27683"},["text","Gabriel Ignacio Pinto Montero"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"27685"},["text","Tesis Periodista --- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"27686"},["text","2007"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"516"},["name","Dictadura militar"]],["tag",{"tagId":"10"},["name","Prensa"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"3637","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"51"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"19015"},["text","Libros"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"19"},["name","Libro"],["description","Textos publicados como libros de ficción o no ficción."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"56"},["name","País"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24437"},["text","Chile"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24442"},["text","http://www.lom.cl/a2fe4b48-9be5-4bae-8d77-a249df09c4c8/La-violencia-pol%C3%ADtica-en-las-grandes-alamedas.aspx"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"54"},["name","Enlace secundario"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24443"},["text","http://books.google.es/books?id=DaekeyYA2AkC&dq=La+violencia+pol%C3%ADtica+en+las+%22grandes+alamedas%22.+La+violencia+en+Chile+1947-1987.++(Una+perspectiva+hist%C3%B3rico+popular)&hl=es&source=gbs_navlinks_s"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24435"},["text","La violencia política en las \\\"grandes alamedas\\\". La violencia en Chile 1947-1987. (Una perspectiva histórico popular)"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24436"},["text","2006"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24438"},["text","Gabriel Salazar"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24439"},["text","LOM, Santiago de Chile"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24440"},["text","Violencia política entre 1947 y 1987"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24441"},["text","Inspección histórica del ⍈bajo pueblo⍉ ⍨es decir, la clase popular⍩, y de sus manifestaciones en la política, en el ⍈ladooscuro⍉ de la política⍂ Se analiza la violencia política popular en Santiago en el período que va de ⏗⏟⏚⏝ a ⏗⏟⏞⏝⍂ El tema ha sido (yaun parece ser) una zona peligrosa, de alta inestabilidad, que es necesario investigar y, sobre todo, comprender. (lom.cl)"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"516"},["name","Dictadura militar"]],["tag",{"tagId":"894"},["name","Gobierno de Salvador Allende"]],["tag",{"tagId":"9"},["name","Terrorismo"]],["tag",{"tagId":"266"},["name","Violencia política"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"2082","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"5"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"11023"},["text","Tesis Doctorales"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"20"},["name","Tesis Doctoral"],["description","Tesis Doctorales publicadas sobre el tema"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"56"},["name","País"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12733"},["text","España"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"57"},["name","Directores de la Tesis"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12735"},["text","José Ramón Montero\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"59"},["name","Lugar y fecha de publicación"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12736"},["text","Universidad de Deusto en 2000\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12738"},["text","https://www.educacion.gob.es/teseo/mostrarRef.do?ref=239271\n"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12732"},["text","Convergencia y redes de políticas: la reconversión de la siderurgia integral en Gran Bretaña y España (1977-1994)\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12734"},["text","Gabriel Saro Jáuregui\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12737"},["text","La presente investigación doctoral tiene como objeto el análisis de las políticas de reconversión industrial aplicadas a la\nsiderurgia integral en Gran Bretaña y España en el periodo 1977-1994. A comienzos de la década de los setenta, sectores\nindustriales antaño relevantes (acero, minería, astilleros, textiles) tuvieron que hacer frente a un exceso de oferta estructural y un\nnuevo entorno competitivo; las consecuencias de dicho ajuste en términos de empleo y actividad económica, junto al carácter en\nmuchos casos publico de dichas empresas, transformaron su reconversión de un conjunto de empresas en un problema político y\nsocial de primera magnitud. Problema que monopolizó el debate de política industrial a lo largo de los ochenta y buena parte de la\ndécada posterior. En concreto, la presente tesis analiza como esta cuestión fue enfrentada en Gran Bretaña y España. Para el\nanálisis de dichas políticas públicas he adoptado como marco teórico el enfoque de \"redes de políticas\" (policy networks). Dicha\naproximación defiende la inclusión de estas como nivel intermedio, situadas entre los actores y el conjunto de procesos exteriores\nal área de políticas (cambio de gobiernos, globalización económica, construcción europea, etc.). Los actores interactúan en un\nentorno que, debido a factores tales como experiencias pasadas valores dominantes, no es neutral sino que favorece a un tipo\ndeterminado de actores en su objetivo de ejecutar políticas cercanas a sus intereses. No obstante, este enfoque ha sido criticado\npor su estaticidad, que le dificulta integrar y explicar los cambios de objetivos y valores experimentados por las políticas de un\nárea determinada, más aun si se trata de cambios radicales. A tal efecto, he intentado enriquecer el análisis de redes con\npréstamos de otras literaturas, tales como el neo-insticionalismo y el \"agenda setting\". Por otro lado, se trata de una investigación\ndoctoral comparada, pues toma dos casos. (Teseo)\n"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"39"},["name","Economía"]],["tag",{"tagId":"528"},["name","Gran Bretaña"]],["tag",{"tagId":"143"},["name","Reconversión industrial"]],["tag",{"tagId":"7"},["name","Transición"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"1236","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"3"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4190"},["text","Libros"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"19"},["name","Libro"],["description","Textos publicados como libros de ficción o no ficción."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"56"},["name","País"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"6806"},["text","España"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"55"},["name","Editorial"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"6808"},["text","Alianza, Madrid\n"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"6804"},["text","El desarrollo de la España contemporánea. Historia Económica de los siglos XIX y XX\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"6805"},["text","1994"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"6807"},["text","Gabriel Tortella\n"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"39"},["name","Economía"]],["tag",{"tagId":"7"},["name","Transición"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"3339","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"51"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"19015"},["text","Libros"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"19"},["name","Libro"],["description","Textos publicados como libros de ficción o no ficción."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"56"},["name","País"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"22253"},["text","Chile"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"22257"},["text","http://books.google.es/books/about/Por_la_libertad.html?id=jDoPAAAAYAAJ&redir_esc=y"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"54"},["name","Enlace secundario"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"22258"},["text","http://elpais.com/diario/2011/09/09/necrologicas/1315519203_850215.html"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"22251"},["text","Por la libertad. Discursos y entrevistas, 1982-1986"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"22252"},["text","1986"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"22254"},["text","Gabriel Valdés"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"22255"},["text","CESOC, Santiago"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"22256"},["text","Nunca antes en su historia, sostiene el autor, Chile había sido sometido a una presión tan integral de cambio culturalcomo el que ha sufrido en estos años. La dictadura ha tratado de imponer una estructura de sociedad elitista que intenta eliminarel carácter ético de la vida social. (cesoc.cl)"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"516"},["name","Dictadura militar"]],["tag",{"tagId":"494"},["name","Documentos"]],["tag",{"tagId":"864"},["name","PDC"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"5007","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"116"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"32216"},["text","Artículos y noticias sobre el Mundo Árabe."]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"18"},["name","Artículo de prensa"],["description","Textos publicados en periódicos y revistas."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"52"},["name","Texto original"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"33329"},["text","<p>Cuando se inici&oacute; la &ldquo;primavera &aacute;rabe&rdquo;, muchos observadores europeos compararon los levantamientos contra los reg&iacute;menes autoritarios de &Aacute;frica del Norte y de Oriente Pr&oacute;ximo con los que provocaron el hundimiento de los reg&iacute;menes comunistas europeos en 1989. Esperaban que se produjera una oleada de democratizaci&oacute;n y de desarrollo fomentada por una nueva generaci&oacute;n de j&oacute;venes que se inspirar&iacute;an en los valores occidentales.</p>\r\n<p>Tal y como&nbsp;<a title=\"Opens in new window\" href=\"http://blog-imfdirect.imf.org/2012/05/18/why-the-arab-world-needs-an-economic-spring/\" target=\"_blank\">se&ntilde;al&oacute;</a>&nbsp;la directora general adjunta egipcia del FMI Nemat Shafik en mayo de 2012, la diferencia es que en 1989, &ldquo;la econom&iacute;a mundial se encontraba en plena expansi&oacute;n, la Uni&oacute;n Europea estaba dispuesta a acoger entre sus miembros a pa&iacute;ses en transici&oacute;n y era f&aacute;cil obtener financiaciones externas&rdquo;. La transici&oacute;n de los pa&iacute;ses &aacute;rabes se ha producido en un contexto mucho m&aacute;s dif&iacute;cil. Seg&uacute;n&nbsp;Shafik, sin una &ldquo;primavera econ&oacute;mica&rdquo; que acompa&ntilde;e a la renovaci&oacute;n pol&iacute;tica, la primavera &aacute;rabe estar&aacute; condenada al fracaso, pero el peso de las profundas reformas necesarias ejercer&aacute; una gran presi&oacute;n sobre las arcas ya vac&iacute;as de estos pa&iacute;ses inestables.</p>\r\n<p>Tras&nbsp;<a href=\"http://www.voxeurop.eu/es/content/article/4074541-europa-es-la-mejor-oportunidad-de-egipto\">el regreso sangriento del ej&eacute;rcito en Egipto</a>, todo el mundo es consciente del fracaso. Y la situaci&oacute;n actual parece que puede compararse m&aacute;s bien con otro gran ciclo revolucionario que fracas&oacute;, la &ldquo;primavera de los pueblos&rdquo; de 1848, como destacan&nbsp;<a title=\"Opens in new window\" href=\"http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/1848-historys-shadow-over-middle-east\" target=\"_blank\">Robert D. Kaplan</a>&nbsp;y&nbsp;<a title=\"Opens in new window\" href=\"http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/68306/jonathan-steinberg/1848-and-2011\" target=\"_blank\">Jonathan Steinberg</a>.</p>\r\n<p>Sin embargo, entre los puntos comunes notables entre los dos grandes acontecimientos, existe uno que pasa desapercibido: en los dos casos, se trata de la explosi&oacute;n producida tras un largo proceso de reequilibrio entre los sistemas econ&oacute;micos, pol&iacute;ticos y sociales antiguos y nuevos. En 1848, el capitalismo burgu&eacute;s imperante intentaba acabar con el sistema feudal y asentar un modelo basado en la democracia parlamentaria y el liberalismo. En 2011, la crisis econ&oacute;mica estallaba tras una larga fase de deterioro y de obsolescencia de estos reg&iacute;menes autoritarios que databan de la Guerra Fr&iacute;a. Pero la clase media que tendr&iacute;a que haber apoyado la adopci&oacute;n de un modelo de tipo occidental era demasiado escasa y demasiado d&eacute;bil debido a su propia crisis. Entonces, el proceso pas&oacute; a manos de los islamistas, que en lugar de sufrir dificultades econ&oacute;micas, salieron reforzados de la situaci&oacute;n.</p>\r\n<p>Al igual que a mediados del siglo XIX, nuestra &eacute;poca a&uacute;n no ha madurado y los movimientos islamistas regresan a la clandestinidad ante la actual oleada de protestas. Los pa&iacute;ses del Golfo, que han intentado aprovecharse del movimiento, se han dado cuenta de su magnitud real y han decidido sustituir a Europa y a Estados Unidos en la funci&oacute;n de padrino de los polic&iacute;as autoritarios del orden regional. De este modo, ante los 12.000 millones de d&oacute;lares que han ofrecido a los generales egipcios, las escasas ayudas bloqueadas por la Uni&oacute;n Europea como &ldquo;<a href=\"http://www.voxeurop.eu/es/content/news-brief/4077821-el-cairo-no-dispondra-de-mas-armas-de-la-ue\">fuerte respuesta simb&oacute;lica</a>&rdquo; demuestran, de un modo casi rid&iacute;culo, hasta qu&eacute; punto la funci&oacute;n de Europa en la otra orilla del Mediterr&aacute;neo es irrisoria.</p>\r\n<p>Para cosechar los frutos de una primavera de democracia y de desarrollo, Europa tendr&iacute;a que haber sembrado las semillas cuando el tiempo era favorable y apoyar a los principales actores del movimiento, en lugar de dividirse por ciertas complicidades con los reg&iacute;menes dictatoriales corruptos y de emprender iniciativas vanas como la Uni&oacute;n para el Mediterr&aacute;neo. Ahora ya es demasiado tarde. Quiz&aacute;s la primavera &aacute;rabe est&eacute; llegando a su fin, pero, al igual que sucedi&oacute; despu&eacute;s de 1849, la din&aacute;mica hist&oacute;rica que la hizo nacer seguir&aacute; su curso. El dinero de los jeques no bastar&aacute; para resolver las dificultades estructurales de los pa&iacute;ses &aacute;rabes y el momento de pedir cuentas a los movimientos islamistas tan s&oacute;lo se retrasar&aacute;. Pero los europeos pueden estar tranquilos: en esta historia ya no tenemos ninguna funci&oacute;n que desempe&ntilde;ar.</p>"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"33330"},["text","<a href=\"http://www.voxeurop.eu/es/content/editorial/4086461-europa-1848-y-la-primavera-arabe\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.voxeurop.eu/es/content/editorial/4086461-europa-1848-y-la-primavera-arabe</a>"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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