["itemContainer",{"xmlns:xsi":"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance","xsi:schemaLocation":"http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd","uri":"https://repositorio.historiarecienteenlaeducacion.com/items?output=omeka-json&page=45&sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CCreator","accessDate":"2026-04-24T13:40:18+00:00"},["miscellaneousContainer",["pagination",["pageNumber","45"],["perPage","10"],["totalResults","4753"]]],["item",{"itemId":"813","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"1"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"205"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"228"},["text",""]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"18"},["name",""],["description",""],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4060"},["text","http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3670787\n"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4055"},["text","El caso Puig Antich en la prensa francesa\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4056"},["text","2011"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4057"},["text","Canela Lleda\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4058"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4059"},["text",""]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"37"},["name","Anarquismo"]],["tag",{"tagId":"182"},["name","Francia"]],["tag",{"tagId":"264"},["name","MIL"]],["tag",{"tagId":"10"},["name","Prensa"]],["tag",{"tagId":"265"},["name","Puig Antich"]],["tag",{"tagId":"70"},["name","Relaciones internacionales"]],["tag",{"tagId":"7"},["name",""]]]],["item",{"itemId":"2244","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"7"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"13732"},["text","Discursos y declaraciones"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"22"},["name",""],["description","Discursos o declaraciones"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"56"},["name",""],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"13798"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"13802"},["text","http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1975/11/28/031.html\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"54"},["name","Enlace secundario"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"13803"},["text","http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1994/11/29/pagina-2/34458015/pdf.html\n"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"13796"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"13797"},["text","1975"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"13799"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"13800"},["text",""]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"13801"},["text",""]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"44"},["name","Iglesia"]],["tag",{"tagId":"30"},["name",""]],["tag",{"tagId":"396"},["name",""]],["tag",{"tagId":"7"},["name",""]]]],["item",{"itemId":"4116","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"52"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"19016"},["text","Tesis Doctorales"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"20"},["name","Tesis Doctoral"],["description","Tesis Doctorales publicadas sobre el tema"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"56"},["name",""],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"27800"},["text","Chile"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"57"},["name","Directores de la Tesis"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"27802"},["text","Alejandro San Francisco Reyes."]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"27799"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"27801"},["text","Carla Francisca Arce Ilabaca"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"27803"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"27804"},["text","2009"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"516"},["name","Dictadura militar"]],["tag",{"tagId":"54"},["name","Sindicalismo"]],["tag",{"tagId":"83"},["name","Universidad"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"1618","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"3"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4190"},["text","Libros"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"19"},["name","Libro"],["description",""],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"56"},["name",""],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"9416"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"55"},["name","Editorial"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"9418"},["text",""]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"9414"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"9415"},["text","2007"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"9417"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"9419"},["text",""]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"19"},["name",""]],["tag",{"tagId":"324"},["name","Fuerzas armadas"]],["tag",{"tagId":"7"},["name",""]]]],["item",{"itemId":"2034","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"5"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"11023"},["text","Tesis Doctorales"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"20"},["name","Tesis Doctoral"],["description","Tesis Doctorales publicadas sobre el tema"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"56"},["name",""],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12391"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"59"},["name",""],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12393"},["text","Universidad de Barcelona en 1990\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12395"},["text","https://www.educacion.gob.es/teseo/mostrarRef.do?ref=72252\n"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12390"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12392"},["text","Carles Feixa\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12394"},["text",""]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"92"},["name",""]],["tag",{"tagId":"52"},["name","Cultura"]],["tag",{"tagId":"5"},["name","Franquismo"]],["tag",{"tagId":"302"},["name","Guerra civil"]],["tag",{"tagId":"21"},["name","Historia local"]],["tag",{"tagId":"139"},["name","Juventud"]],["tag",{"tagId":"397"},["name","Lleida"]],["tag",{"tagId":"38"},["name","Sociedad"]],["tag",{"tagId":"337"},["name","Tesis doctorales"]],["tag",{"tagId":"7"},["name",""]]]],["item",{"itemId":"509","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"1"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"205"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"228"},["text",""]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"18"},["name",""],["description",""],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2245"},["text","http://www.injuve.es/contenidos.downloadatt.action?id=782328074\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"54"},["name","Enlace secundario"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2246"},["text","http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3255585\n"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2240"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2241"},["text","2004"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2242"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2243"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2244"},["text",""]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"52"},["name","Cultura"]],["tag",{"tagId":"5"},["name","Franquismo"]],["tag",{"tagId":"139"},["name","Juventud"]],["tag",{"tagId":"38"},["name","Sociedad"]],["tag",{"tagId":"7"},["name",""]],["tag",{"tagId":"159"},["name","Tribus urbanas"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"5042","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"1163"},["src","https://repositorio.historiarecienteenlaeducacion.com/files/original/274857b0692d47dc6f5818afbe0c47aa.pdf"],["authentication","55fce0fc017efa0b3c6627bed9e49c4a"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"70"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"28974"},["text",""]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"18"},["name",""],["description",""],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"52"},["name","Texto original"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"33556"},["text","<p>\"En Pek&iacute;n todo va muy r&aacute;pido&rdquo;. Seguro que el taxista no se refiere al tr&aacute;fico, porque el atasco le permite practicar su escaso ingl&eacute;s y atender los mensajes del tel&eacute;fono m&oacute;vil. &ldquo;Todo cambia a la velocidad del rayo&rdquo;, precisa&nbsp;<span>Su</span>, artista pl&aacute;stico. &ldquo;Pek&iacute;n es una locura, puedes volver al cabo de medio a&ntilde;o y encontrar una ciudad distinta&rdquo;, apunta la modelo&nbsp;<span>Michelle Wang</span>. Pek&iacute;n es el centro del mundo, coinciden casi todos.<br />La preeminencia econ&oacute;mica actual de&nbsp;<span>China</span>&nbsp;devuelve el pa&iacute;s a la centralidad.&nbsp;<span>Zhong Guo</span>, el reino del centro, as&iacute; se autodenomina esta inmensa naci&oacute;n asi&aacute;tica. Y, a pesar de su fama de meros copiadores, el pa&iacute;s esconde una realidad mucho m&aacute;s compleja que no se limita&nbsp;<br />a la falsificaci&oacute;n y a la fabricaci&oacute;n barata de productos occidentales.&nbsp;<br />En el 2012, China ocup&oacute; el tercer lugar de los pa&iacute;ses del mundo con m&aacute;s patentes registradas, y esta capacidad creativa, vinculada a la innovaci&oacute;n, tambi&eacute;n se est&aacute; produciendo en el &aacute;mbito art&iacute;stico. Todos los indicadores econ&oacute;micos y todos los caminos llevan a&nbsp;<span>Pek&iacute;n</span>; en chino mandar&iacute;n:&nbsp;<span>Beijing</span>, es decir,&nbsp;<span>Capital del Norte</span>.<br />&ldquo;Quiero comprarme un Mercedes&rdquo;, suelta&nbsp;<span>Wang</span>, un joven inform&aacute;tico que estudi&oacute; en&nbsp;<span>Oxford</span>&nbsp;y ahora trabaja en&nbsp;<span>Sanlitun</span>. &ldquo;Necesito el coche para marcar mi estatus y prosperar&rdquo;, prosigue.</p>\r\n<p><br />El desarrollo que ha experimentado China bajo la convivencia extra&ntilde;a de un sistema pol&iacute;tico comunista y un sistema econ&oacute;mico capitalista ha supuesto la mejora de la calidad de vida de una gran parte de la poblaci&oacute;n y una cierta apertura social y cultural.<br />Este crecimiento econ&oacute;mico sostenido ha propiciado la aparici&oacute;n de una peque&ntilde;a clase media vinculada al entorno urbano. Un nuevo sector de poblaci&oacute;n, en plena expansi&oacute;n y con un gran potencial de consumo, que empieza a demandar nuevos usos y costumbres sociales.<br />El consumismo compulsivo forma parte del paisaje habitual de Pek&iacute;n. La ciudad es una gran tienda abierta 24 horas, y entre los caracteres chinos se pueden ver los conocidos anuncios de empresas americanas como&nbsp;<span>Starbucks</span>&nbsp;y&nbsp;<span>McDonald&rsquo;s</span>&nbsp;o la japonesa&nbsp;<span>Family Mart</span>. Los centros comerciales m&aacute;s grandes del mundo se encuentran en China, y comprar en estas moles de varios pisos llena el tiempo de ocio de muchos pekineses. El gran sue&ntilde;o chino no difiere mucho del gran sue&ntilde;o americano.</p>\r\n<div id=\"divVideoStepAdTop\" class=\"divVideoStep\">&nbsp;</div>\r\n<p><br />&ldquo;Me encantar&iacute;a visitar Tokio&rdquo;, dice&nbsp;<span>Pupi</span>. La cantante del grupo&nbsp;<span>Da Bang</span>&nbsp;es una chica atractiva e imponente que dej&oacute;&nbsp;<span>Cant&oacute;n</span>&nbsp;para probar fortuna en Pek&iacute;n. Al poco de llegar a la ciudad, se tatu&oacute; en el cuello la palabra &ldquo;endure&rdquo; (resistencia) y se ha convertido en su indeleble carta de presentaci&oacute;n. &ldquo;He visto hace poco&nbsp;<span><span>Enter the Void</span>&nbsp;</span>&ndash;contin&uacute;a refiri&eacute;ndose al largometraje de culto filmado por&nbsp;<span>Gaspar Noe</span>&nbsp;y que transcurre en la ciudad nipona&ndash;. Me he enamorado de la pel&iacute;cula y de la ciudad&rdquo;.</p>\r\n<p><br />Pek&iacute;n es una ciudad cosmopolita y culta. Basta con pasearse por la secci&oacute;n de novela extranjera de las grandes librer&iacute;as para ver la profusi&oacute;n de t&iacute;tulos vertidos al chino. Entre las traducciones del espa&ntilde;ol, se pueden encontrar&nbsp;<span><span>Belver Yin</span>&nbsp;</span>de&nbsp;<span>Jes&uacute;s Ferrero</span>&nbsp;y&nbsp;<span><span>Los detectives salvajes</span>&nbsp;</span>de&nbsp;<span>Roberto Bola&ntilde;o</span>.&nbsp;<br />La China de&nbsp;<span>Mao</span>&nbsp;estuvo ensimismada y pr&aacute;cticamente aislada del mundo. La expansi&oacute;n de internet ha supuesto para el pa&iacute;s su entrada directa en la era de la globalizaci&oacute;n. A pesar de la f&eacute;rrea censura que el&nbsp;<span>Gobierno</span>comunista mantiene en la red, la sociedad china dispone de un vasto canal de informaci&oacute;n que le permite estar al d&iacute;a de las modas y las tendencias culturales que tienen lugar en todo el mundo.<br />Como apunta el reconocido sin&oacute;logo y poeta&nbsp;<span>Manel Oll&eacute;</span>: &ldquo;Lo relevante de la red china no es la censura, sino todo lo que ocurre a pesar de ella&rdquo;. &ldquo;Es f&aacute;cil saltarse el bloqueo que el partido comunista mantiene sobre&nbsp;<span>Facebook</span>&nbsp;&ndash;confiesa un cliente del caf&eacute;<span>&nbsp;Alba</span>, cerca de&nbsp;<span>Nan Gulou</span>&ndash;, pero prefiero usar el&nbsp;<span>Weibo</span>&rdquo;.</p>\r\n<p><br />Con m&aacute;s de 250 millones de usuarios,<span>&nbsp;Sina Weibo</span>&nbsp;es una de las redes sociales de m&aacute;s &eacute;xito en China. Muy similar al&nbsp;<span>Twitter</span>, permite insertar fotos y v&iacute;deos sin necesidad de un enlace a una web externa.&nbsp;<br />Destinada al intercambio de contenidos culturales,&nbsp;<span>Douban</span>&nbsp;es otra red social china muy importante para estar al d&iacute;a de las &uacute;ltimas novedades. Abierta en el a&ntilde;o 2005, cuenta con 30 millones de usuarios. Esquivar la censura, a veces, no requiere mucha habilidad. La relajaci&oacute;n que China mantiene sobre los derechos de autor ha acabado por beneficiar a los consumidores m&aacute;s inquietos y &aacute;vidos de informaci&oacute;n. La pirater&iacute;a de productos culturales y la descarga libre de archivos han supuesto la amplia difusi&oacute;n de pel&iacute;culas y m&uacute;sicas prohibidas o de dif&iacute;cil distribuci&oacute;n en el pa&iacute;s.&nbsp;<br />El famoso director de cine&nbsp;<span>Jia Zhangke</span>&nbsp;cuenta en sus entrevistas que mientras sus pel&iacute;culas estaban vetadas por el Gobierno comunista, era normal encontrar sus copias piratas en los establecimientos de muchas ciudades.</p>\r\n<p><br />&ldquo;Me gusta que el p&uacute;blico me lance cigarrillos al escenario cuando toco esta canci&oacute;n&rdquo;, dice&nbsp;<span>Shouwang</span>, miembro del grupo&nbsp;<span>Carsick Cars</span>&nbsp;(coches mareados). Se refiere a una de sus canciones m&aacute;s famosas y que se convirti&oacute; en banda sonora de la ciudad:&nbsp;<span><span>Zhong Nan Hai</span>&nbsp;</span>. Con una letra aparentemente trivial, habla de una famosa marca de tabaco china &ndash;&ldquo;si fumas, fuma s&oacute;lo&nbsp;<span>Zhongnanhai</span>; no puedo vivir sin Zhongnanhai&rdquo;&ndash;, pero en realidad alude, en una cr&iacute;tica velada, al complejo de edificios conocido como Zhong nan hai, sede del Gobierno comunista chino.</p>\r\n<p><br />Uno de los aspectos m&aacute;s deslumbrantes del actual Pek&iacute;n es la vitalidad de su escena musical. La m&uacute;sica indie pekinesa est&aacute; en plena ebullici&oacute;n, y entre la inmensidad de grupos que se hacen y deshacen constantemente est&aacute;n surgiendo propuestas de gran calidad.<br />La prensa internacional ha se&ntilde;alado Pek&iacute;n y su creatividad musical como el nuevo&nbsp;<span>Seattle</span>&nbsp;del siglo XXI, en referencia al esplendor que la ciudad norteamericana vivi&oacute; con&nbsp;<span>Nirvana</span>,&nbsp;<span>Pearl Jam</span>&nbsp;y&nbsp;<span>Soundgarden</span>. Es posible acudir cada noche a un concierto de m&uacute;sica en directo y escuchar a los flamantes&nbsp;<span>PK14</span>, los m&aacute;s rockeros&nbsp;<span>The Gar</span>, la electr&oacute;nica de<span>&nbsp;Snapline</span>&nbsp;y los experimentos vanguardistas&nbsp;<span>Soviet Pop</span>, entre otros grupos.</p>\r\n<p><br /><span>Shouwang</span>, el joven cantante de los Carsick Cars, es un genio despistado y t&iacute;mido que se esconde tras su flequillo de ni&ntilde;o bueno. Con 27 a&ntilde;os, es de los pocos m&uacute;sicos que han conseguido profesionalizarse y mantener dos bandas en paralelo. Tambi&eacute;n es miembro fundador del grupo&nbsp;<span>White+</span>, que toc&oacute; en el&nbsp;<span>Festival S&oacute;nar de Barcelona</span>&nbsp;en el 2007.<br />&ldquo;Mis padres est&aacute;n disgustados por el hecho de que me dedique a la m&uacute;sica&rdquo;, confiesa&nbsp;<span>Li Yang</span>, cantante del grupo punk&nbsp;<span>Demerit</span>. Guapo y de musculatura fibrosa, no puede evitar cierta mirada melanc&oacute;lica. En su camiseta luce el lema: &ldquo;El punk no ha muerto&rdquo;. Beijing is Not My Home (Pek&iacute;n no es mi casa) es una canci&oacute;n que condensa el desencanto y el malestar de una juventud que no se identifica con el individualismo imperante de la nueva sociedad china que s&oacute;lo busca el ascenso social y el f&aacute;cil enriquecimiento.&nbsp;<br />La pol&iacute;tica de hijo &uacute;nico promovida por el Estado ha auspiciado la aparici&oacute;n de una juventud muy mimada sobre la que recaen tambi&eacute;n todos los anhelos y las frustraciones de los padres. En una sociedad sin coberturas econ&oacute;micas tras la jubilaci&oacute;n, el bienestar en la vejez depende del &eacute;xito econ&oacute;mico del hijo.<br />La presi&oacute;n por triunfar y posicionarse socialmente que recibe un joven chino es muy superior a la que puede recibir un joven en un pa&iacute;s occidental. Una decisi&oacute;n tan personal como elegir una carrera profesional puede ser vista como una traici&oacute;n a las obligaciones familiares.<br /><span>Charles Saliba</span>&nbsp;entorna los ojos con aire ausente mientras habla. Este anglomalague&ntilde;o qued&oacute; fascinado por la energ&iacute;a que desprende la ciudad: &ldquo;La primera noche que pas&eacute; en Pek&iacute;n fui a un concierto de las&nbsp;<span>Hang on the Box</span>&nbsp;y decid&iacute; que este era mi lugar&rdquo;. Pronto busc&oacute; un socio (<span>Michael Pettis</span>) y mont&oacute; el emblem&aacute;tico local<span>&nbsp;D-22</span>, donde invitaba a actuar a las bandas que eran de su agrado. Saliba es puro entusiasmo y entrega: &ldquo;La m&uacute;sica de&nbsp;<span>Xiao He</span>&nbsp;es de lo mejor que podr&aacute;s escuchar nunca&rdquo;. En la actualidad, tambi&eacute;n dirige la discogr&aacute;fica&nbsp;<span>Maybe Mars</span>, que se encarga de editar los principales grupos chinos de m&uacute;sica independiente. &ldquo;La producci&oacute;n china es m&aacute;s original porque estos m&uacute;sicos han entrado de golpe en la historia del rock. No tienen nuestros prejuicios generacionales&rdquo;, dice.<br />&ldquo;El mundo de la moda est&aacute; experimentando grandes cambios. China empieza a ofrecer un dise&ntilde;o de calidad para unos nuevos consumidores de &eacute;lite acostumbrados a vestir marcas de lujo extranjeras&rdquo;. La dise&ntilde;adora de ropa franco-valenciana&nbsp;<span>Paloma Bouteleux</span>&nbsp;sabe muy bien de lo que habla, ha participado en la&nbsp;<span>Beijing Fashion Week</span>, donde present&oacute; su l&iacute;nea de ropa&nbsp;<span>Mira Mira</span>. Lleva tiempo instalada en Pek&iacute;n y ha sido directora de moda para la revista china&nbsp;<span>ILOOK</span>.</p>\r\n<p><br />La joven dise&ntilde;adora&nbsp;<span>Vega Zaishi Wang</span>&nbsp;no esconde las dificultades de llevar adelante su propia marca de ropa. &ldquo;No todo es glamur. Se trata de una industria y un mercado incipientes. Los j&oacute;venes podemos ofrecer lo mejor de&nbsp;<span>Oriente</span>&nbsp;y&nbsp;<span>Occidente</span>&nbsp;en nuestros dise&ntilde;os&rdquo;, se&ntilde;ala.<br />La importaci&oacute;n de modas juveniles for&aacute;neas se hace evidente en la vestimenta de los j&oacute;venes que pasean por el conocido distrito del arte 798. Es la zona m&aacute;s moderna y cool de la ciudad. Su nombre se debe a una antigua f&aacute;brica abandonada: la&nbsp;<span>Factory 798</span>, que a&ntilde;os atr&aacute;s fue ocupada por la bohemia art&iacute;stica de la ciudad. En la actualidad, el barrio acoge boutiques de moda, cafeter&iacute;as fashion y pomposas galer&iacute;as&nbsp;<br />de arte y ha acabado por convertirse en un parque tem&aacute;tico para consumo de turistas maravillados.<br />&ldquo;El precio de los alquileres ha desplazado a la comunidad art&iacute;stica hacia zonas m&aacute;s baratas. Lugares como&nbsp;<span>Caochangdi</span>, a las afueras de la ciudad&rdquo;, explica&nbsp;<span>Su</span>, pintora que todav&iacute;a vive en la zona.<br />El nuevo poder econ&oacute;mico de China ha conllevado la inflaci&oacute;n del arte chino m&aacute;s all&aacute; de su calidad. Una sobrevaloraci&oacute;n favorecida por el propio Gobierno comunista, que se sirve de la plataforma del arte para darse tintes de modernidad. &ldquo;He encontrado mucho respeto hacia mi obra&rdquo;, comenta&nbsp;<span>Diana Coca</span>, una fot&oacute;grafa y artista multimedia mallorquina instalada en la peculiar comunidad art&iacute;stica de&nbsp;<span>IOWA</span>, unos antiguos invernaderos que dan cobijo a varias familias de artistas chinos &ndash;tienen aqu&iacute; su estudio y vivienda&ndash;. &ldquo;A un tiro de piedra se encuentra la casa de&nbsp;<span>Ai Weiwei</span>, el famoso artista disidente&rdquo;, se&ntilde;ala con el dedo una construcci&oacute;n mucho m&aacute;s lujosa.&nbsp;<br />&ldquo;Los chinos somos una panda de borregos &ndash;asevera cr&iacute;ticamente un escultor&ndash; . Tenemos prohibida cualquier manifestaci&oacute;n de protesta y nos lanzamos a la calle para defender a nuestro Gobierno en contra de Jap&oacute;n&rdquo;.&ldquo;La polic&iacute;a ha promovido las manifestaciones y los ataques&rdquo;, a&ntilde;ade su amigo poeta.<br />Parece que el conflicto chino-japon&eacute;s por la disputa territorial de las islas&nbsp;<span>Diaoyu</span>&nbsp;o islas&nbsp;<span>Senkaku</span>, que llev&oacute; a miles de manifestantes chinos a boicotear empresas e intereses japoneses, se ha enfriado por el momento. Las banderas de la&nbsp;<span>Rep&uacute;blica Popular China</span>&nbsp;ondean colgadas en muchas calles de la ciudad.<br />El patriotismo chino sirve para encender los &aacute;nimos de la poblaci&oacute;n contra el perpetuo enemigo japon&eacute;s y olvidar la falta de libertades y las &shy;desigualdades sociales que vive el pa&iacute;s.<br />El matrimonio y pareja art&iacute;stica que firma como&nbsp;<span>INRI-Rong Rong</span>(japonesa ella, chino &eacute;l), ajenos ambos a la pol&eacute;mica, est&aacute; empecinado en levantar puentes de di&aacute;logo que cierren las heridas del pasado. Han cofundado junto a su amigo Ai Weiwei el espl&eacute;ndido&nbsp;<span>Three Shadows Photography Art Centre</span>&nbsp;en el barrio de Caochangdi.<br />Entre sus objetivos est&aacute; el dar a conocer al p&uacute;blico chino la rica tradici&oacute;n fotogr&aacute;fica japonesa, &ldquo;nombres imprescindibles como&nbsp;<span>Araki</span>&nbsp;o&nbsp;<span>Daido Moriyama</span>&rdquo;, subrayan.</p>\r\n<p><br /><span>Emi Namihira</span>, bater&iacute;a japonesa y miembro del grupo musical chino&nbsp;<span>Ourself Beside Me</span>, reprocha tambi&eacute;n que se alimente el conflicto japon&eacute;s. Pek&iacute;n ofrece m&uacute;ltiples caras, y una de ellas muestra a esta juventud de esp&iacute;ritu rebelde y cr&iacute;tico. Sean artistas o simples paseantes.<br />Un nuevo sector social, privilegiado y minoritario, se abre al mundo con muchas cosas que ofrecer. Desde los &aacute;mbitos de la cultura y la creaci&oacute;n china surge una nueva voz que trasciende los estrechos l&iacute;mites de las fronteras y habla al mundo.</p>"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"33557"},["text","<a href=\"http://www.lavanguardia.com/magazine/20130906/54379813209/la-china-que-marca-tendencia-reportajes-magazine.html\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.lavanguardia.com/magazine/20130906/54379813209/la-china-que-marca-tendencia-reportajes-magazine.html</a>"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"33551"},["text","La China que marca tendencia"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"33552"},["text","Carles Mercader"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"33553"},["text","06/09/2013"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"33554"},["text","La Vanguardia"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"33555"},["text",""]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"1681"},["name","Actualidad"]],["tag",{"tagId":"212"},["name","Arte"]],["tag",{"tagId":"1239"},["name","China"]],["tag",{"tagId":"52"},["name","Cultura"]],["tag",{"tagId":"1261"},["name",""]],["tag",{"tagId":"120"},["name",""]]]],["item",{"itemId":"2027","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"5"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"11023"},["text","Tesis Doctorales"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"20"},["name","Tesis Doctoral"],["description","Tesis Doctorales publicadas sobre el tema"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"56"},["name",""],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12354"},["text","Chile"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"57"},["name","Directores de la Tesis"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12356"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"59"},["name",""],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12357"},["text",""]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12353"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12355"},["text","Carlos Abarca Silva\n"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"5"},["name","Franquismo"]],["tag",{"tagId":"44"},["name","Iglesia"]],["tag",{"tagId":"7"},["name",""]]]],["item",{"itemId":"1559","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"3"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4190"},["text","Libros"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"19"},["name","Libro"],["description",""],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"56"},["name",""],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8984"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"55"},["name","Editorial"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8986"},["text","Espasa Calpe, Madrid\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8989"},["text","http://www.lecturalia.com/libro/17260/adolfo-suarez-el-hombre-clave-de-la-transicion\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"54"},["name","Enlace secundario"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8990"},["text","http://books.google.es/books?id=6QxpAAAAMAAJ&q=Adolfo+Su%C3%A1rez,+el+hombre+clave+de+la+Transici%C3%B3n&dq=\nAdolfo+Su%C3%A1rez,+el+hombre+clave+de+la+Transici%C3%B3n&hl=es&ei=DfiITprpAqWL4gSlhbz9Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result\n&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA\n"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8982"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8983"},["text","2006"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8985"},["text","Carlos Abella\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8987"},["text",""]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"8988"},["text",""]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"177"},["name",""]],["tag",{"tagId":"290"},["name",""]],["tag",{"tagId":"7"},["name",""]]]],["item",{"itemId":"620","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"1"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"205"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"228"},["text",""]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"18"},["name",""],["description",""],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2899"},["text","http://clio.rediris.es/n33/n33/andalucia.htm\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"54"},["name","Enlace secundario"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2900"},["text","http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2206814\n"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2895"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2896"},["text","2007"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2897"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2898"},["text",""]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"35"},["name",""]],["tag",{"tagId":"43"},["name",""]],["tag",{"tagId":"7"},["name",""]]]]]